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, through gaze alternation and gesture); however, infants soon begin to accompany these nonverbal joint attention behaviors with vocalizations, in the form of simple sounds such as "da," to direct their adult partner's attention.
In examining the differences between responding to and initiating joint attention behaviors in typically developing toddlers, Mundy and Gomes (1998) concluded that initiating joint attention appears to more clearly involve the social motivation that truly defines the function of joint attention.
More frequent joint attention behaviors were associated with parental perception of more positive social behaviors (including eye contact, affect, and imitation).
Observations of joint attention behaviors (including pointing, showing, and commenting) indicated that compared with
developmentally matched typically developing children and children with language delay, the children with autism continued to show fewer joint attention behaviors regardless of social context.
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